Arthraxon hispidus

Family	Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Scientific name	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino
Synonyms	Alectoridia quartiniana A. Richard; Andropogon alectoridia A. Richard ex Steudel; Andropogon amplexifolius Trinius; Andropogon ciliaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Raspail; Andropogon cuspidatus Hochstetter ex A. Richard; Andropogon lasiocoleos Steudel; Andropogon micans (Nees von Esenbeck) Steudel; Andropogon nudus Nees von Esenbeck ex Esenbeck ex Steudel; Andropogon submuticus Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel; Arthraxon antsirabensis A. Camus; Arthraxon breviaristatus Hackel; Arthraxon caucasicus (Ruprecht ex Regel) Tzvelev; Arthraxon centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Gamajunova; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois subsp. langsdorffii (Trinius) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois subsp. nudus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois subsp. quartiniana (A. Richard) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois subsp. submuticus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois subsp. vriesii (Büse) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. coloratus (Hochstetter) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. cryptatherus Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. genuinus Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. glabrescens Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. gracilis (Kunth) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. hookeri Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. quartiniana (A. Richard) Hackel; Arthraxon ciliaris Palisot de Beauvois var. tenellus Bentham; Arthraxon coloratus Hochstetter; Arthraxon cryptatherus (Hackel) Koidzumi; Arthraxon cryptatherus (Hackel) Koidzumi subsp. submuticus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Koidzumi; Arthraxon cryptatherus (Hackel) Koidzumi var. ciliaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Koidzumi; Arthraxon cuspidatus (Hochstetter ex A. Richard) Hochstetter var. genuinus Hackel; Arthraxon cuspidatus (Hochstetter ex A. Richard) Hochstetter var. micans (Nees von Esenbeck) Hackel; Arthraxon gracilis (Kunth) Hochstetter; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma brevisetus (Regel) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma formosanus Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma hispidissimus (Honda) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma japonicus (Regel) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma kobuna (Honda) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma langsdorffii (Trinius) Backer; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma macranthus Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma monticola (Hiyama) Hiyama; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma quartinianus (A. Richard) Backer; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma riukiuensis Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino forma vriesii (Büse) Backer; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino subsp. caucasicus (Ruprecht ex Regel) Tzvelev; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino subsp. centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Tzvelev; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino subsp. ciliaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Masamune & Yamamoto; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino subsp. langsdorffii (Trinius) Tzvelev; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. brevisetus (Regel) H. Hara; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Honda; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. ciliaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Koidzumi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. cryptatherus (Hackel) Honda; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. hispidissimus Honda; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. hookeri (Hackel) Honda; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. japonicus (Regel) Hackel ex T. Mori; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. microphyllus Honda; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. muticus (Honda) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. monticola Hiyama; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. nudus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Ohwi; Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino var. vriesii (Büse) Ohwi; Arthraxon hookeri (Hackel) Henrard; Arthraxon inermis Hooker f.; Arthraxon japonicus Miquel; Arthraxon kobuna Honda; Arthraxon langsdorffii (Trinius) Hochstetter ex Roshevitz; Arthraxon langsdorffii (Trinius) Hochstetter ex Roshevitz var. centrasiaticus (Grisebach) Roshevitz; Arthraxon langsdorffii (Trinius) Hochstetter ex Roshevitz var. cryptatherus (Koidzumi) Roshevitz; Arthraxon langsdorffii (Trinius) Hochstetter ex Roshevitz var. submuticus (Regel) Grossheim; Arthraxon lasiocoleos (Steudel) Hochstetter; Arthraxon major (Hochstetter ex Steudel) Hochstetter; Arthraxon mauritianus Stapf ex C. E. Hubbard; Arthraxon micans (Nees von Esenbeck) Hochstetter; Arthraxon nitidulus Stapf ex Bor; Arthraxon nudus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Hochstetter; Arthraxon okamotoi Ohwi; Arthraxon pallidus Henrard; Arthraxon pauciflorus Honda; Arthraxon pauciflorus Honda var. muticus Honda; Arthraxon plumbeus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Arnott) Hochstetter; Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Richard) Nash; Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Richard) Nash subsp. vriesii (Büse) Henrard; Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Richard) Nash var. glabrescens (Hackel) S. K. Jain; Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Richard) Nash var. monostachys Jansen; Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Richard) Nash var. montanus Jacques-Felix; Arthraxon satarensis Almeida; Arthraxon schimperi Hochstetter; Arthraxon submuticus (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Hochstetter; Arthraxon violaceus (Steudel) Hochstetter; Batratherum micans Nees von Esenbeck; Batratherum submuticum (Nees von Esenbeck ex Steudel) Nees von Esenbeck ex W. Watson; Deyeuxia japonica Sprengel; Digitaria hispida (Thunberg) Sprengel; Dimeria scrobiculata C. B. Clarke ex Koorders; Lasiolytrum hispidum (Thunberg) Steudel; Lucaea gracilis Kunth; Lucaea langsdorffii (Trinius) Steudel; Lucaea major Hochstetter ex Steudel; Lucaea plumbea (Nees von Esenbeck ex Arnott) Steudel; Lucaea violacea Steudel; Lucaea vriesii Büse; Phalaris hispida Thunberg; Pleuroplitis caucasica (Ruprecht ex Regel) Trautvetter; Pleuroplitis centrasiatica Grisebach; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. breviseta Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. caucasica Ruprecht ex Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. centrasiatica (Grisebach) Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. chinensis Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. gracilis (Kunth) Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. japonica Regel; Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trinius var. submutica Regel; Pleuroplitis major (Hochstetter ex Steudel) Regel; Pleuroplitis plumbea Nees von Esenbeck ex Arnott; Pleuroplitis quartiniana (A. Richard) Regel; Pleuroplitis quartiniana (A. Richard) Regel var. caespitosa Regel; Pleuroplitis quartiniana (A. Richard) Regel var. plumbea (Nees von Esenbeck ex Arnott) Regel; Pleuroplitis quartiniana (A. Richard) Regel var. tenella Regel; Pollinia ciliaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Sprengel
Common name	(Japanese common name) ko-buna kusa [small crucian grass]
	(English common name) joint-head, small carpet grass
Distribution	(Japan) Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa
	(Other nations) Russia, Korea, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan
Chromosomal number	2n=10, 18, 36
Description	Plants 20-50cm. Leaves 2-6cm. Flowers flowering in September to November. Annual plants.
Reference	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino
	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino
	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino
	Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino
	Hair dye and hair-dyeing methods using the same (US Patent 6656229/2003)

September 2007 at mountane roadside	September 2007 at mountane roadside	October 2006 at rice paddy

September 2007 at mountane roadside	September 2007 at mountane roadside